I don't use Arch, so I can's say for sure. And I don't speak German(?) so I can't tell what it is that you're sharing with us in the screenshots. However, I can say that only set my printers up in the cups webpage. Otherwise I run into issues all the time (sharing seems to never work from the gui). Try setting it up with http://localhost:631/. Make sure you're using the exact same driver you used when it worked in Ubuntu.
The windows on the Screenshots say that the Computer isn't able to ad this printer and that He didn't founx drivers for it in the softwarecenter.
Yes it's german.