You have things like apt and aptitude for package management on Debian based systems, but nothing quite like yast. There is tasksel - which allows you to choose certain types of packages to install/uninstall.
Perhaps webmin, but that would require a browser. But I'm not sure if that would work via terminal based web-browsers like w3m or lynx. It probably requires a browser with javascript enabled!
There was a project called yast4debian, which aimed to port yast to work on Debian and Debian derived distro's. The last I saw, the project was dormant, with nobody leading/maintaining the project.
A quick bit of duckduckgo-fu seems to indicate that the yast4debian project has been completely abandoned!