The answer is... it depends.
If it's on-board the motherboard, try
'lspci'. That might give you about 20 lines of information.
'lspci | grep Wireless' will narrow it down a bit. Wireless is case sensitive.
If it's a USB dongle type adapter. try
lsusb .. (You may have to install usbutils)
You can also install lshw and try this.
lshw -class network
This command won't make your wifi work, but it will tell you if a driver is loaded for wifi.
lsmod | grep wifi