Thanks for that output. It wasn't entirely clear to me from post #1 that you did have sound previously, but that is a good sign since it suggests that it's a matter of drivers or firmware. There are two available from the output from your machine, the sof_audio_pci_intel_cnl one being used.
I refer you to this link:
where there is a discussion of the potential problems with the sof_audio driver if it's not the latest one available because of the fast-paced development of it. The text in the link proposes a method to use the other driver you have, snd_hda_intel. Though the article applies to debian, the basics apply to debian derivatives as well, so I think you can ignore the references to the debian releases mentioned and pay attention to the other technical details.
So, it looks at this stage that you need to ensure that you have the latest driver, and also, importantly, the latest firmware installed, which is in the package: firmware-sof-signed, and see if that works.
Alternatively, you can revert to the use of the snd_hda_intel driver as described in the linked article.
See if any of that helps.