It doesn't look like there is a driver yet available for your graphics card. It would be listed here. You might be able to find one at ASUS download center searching for the model number here. Best of Luck
Rest assured this can be solved, have you tried using anything other than Rufus? I used balenaEtcher with Lubuntu and was able to install (not dual boot) it on my old computer which I use as a daily now except for heavy gaming which i use my gaming pc. I believe there are a few ideas on your...
Sound like your password got screwed up, you should check out this link to reset your lost root password. https://linuxconfig.org/recover-reset-forgotten-linux-root-password
Try updating the firmware of your motherboard. Someone with a similar problem said that worked for them https://superuser.com/questions/1052023/ioapic0-not-in-ivrs-table/1255206#1255206
You probably want to use check out either Sugar https://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Downloads#MS_Windows
or LinuxKidX https://linuxkidx.blogspot.com/2009/03/linuxkidx-english-version-developed.html
I'm also not sure about Chromebooks but are your permissions correct on Brave browser? If you go to brave://settings/content/microphone?search=mic you should set mic to "Sites can ask to use your microphone" then when you get to a site you want to use the mic on you have to approve the request...
Can you take a picture of the screen and post that here? The command prompt should indeed say deadtroopers @deadtroopers:~$ for you if you named your user and computer deadtroopers. If that is the case then nothing is out of ordinary.