Timeshift & Similar Solutions - Safeguard & Recover Your Linux

wizardfromoz

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Timeshift for Linux is an application that provides functionality similar to the System Restore feature in Windows and the Time Machine tool in Mac OS. Timeshift protects your system by taking incremental snapshots of the file system at regular intervals. These snapshots can be restored at a later date to undo all changes to the system.

The above paragraph is from Tony George's presence at GitHub.

AUTHOR'S NOTE

@ October 24 2023

I am beginning a process of update and revision on this Thread. In six years a lot of things change, as we might expect. Editing and Revisions will appear highlighted, perhaps in bold italic, coloured font, or else in a box - or all of the aforementioned :).

I may have to replace a video or two.

Hopefully the changes will be readily apparent, and I welcome your feedback.

Arch-based users (Manjaro in particular) take note of the revisions to the install method coming up.

Chris Turner
wizardfromoz

Timeshift user for over 9 years

Wizard’s Glossary

rsync – a Linux command used across all Families, and favoured by sysadmins for copying and synchronising files and directories (folders) across Linux/Unix systems, but also having application for the Home User. It stands for Remote Sync.

PPA – Personal Package Archive – a source on the Net for adding a repository to your system, for particular software, it then includes that software in notifying you of updates. Developed by Ubuntu, and is in Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and the like.

Clem – is Clement Lefebvre, Project Leader and Founder of Linux Mint.

Wizard’s Recommended Reading

https://www.linux.org/threads/aptik-have-settings-will-travel.4529/

I have listed my article on Aptik, above because Timeshift is from the same author – Tony George of teejeetech.in – Tony works out of India, a hive of activity in the IT world. He is also the author of Conky Manager, an industry standard for the management of conkys.


FIRST USE

Used (with Linux Mint 18.3 ‘Sylvia’ Cinnamon), which is on my /dev/sda28.

I have prepped for this exercise by creating a separate Partition as the target for Timeshift Snapshots. On my laptop this is /dev/sda32, but it could just as easily (even better) be on a totally separate physical HDD.

I have labelled the Partition “Shifted” so that it will appear as same in any of my File Managers. I have allocated 60 GiB to the partition, and, as a multi-multi-booter of Linux, I have placed it in a part of the drive whereby I can “grow” the partition, should I have need.

The 60 GiB partition has 1.12 GiB consumed in overheads from setting it up, leaving 58.88 GiB free.

Clem and his Team have taken, I believe, a forward step and released Mint 18.3 ‘Sylvia’ both Cinnamon and MATE editions with Timeshift shipping installed. I expect Xfce and KDE DEs to follow suit.

They are not the first to do so, as we will see in a future Post dealing with Manjaro (in particular, Manjaro ‘Strit’), but because of Mint’s high profile, I would expect other Distros to follow suit, just as many did in providing spins including the Cinnamon DE, which was Mint’s invention.


STAGE 1

STEPS


Find Timeshift

Cinnamon : Menu – Administration

MATE : Menu – All Applications – System Tools


  1. Right-click and add it to your Panel and/or Favourites, you will use it regularly.

  2. If you are planning to save the Timeshift snapshot generated to a separate partition or drive, have at your fingertips the device name and number … in my case it will be /dev/sda32 which I have created earlier using GParted and has 60 GiB for multiple Distros to be shifted.

  3. Launch Timeshift and sign in. The first time it starts, the Wizard (not me) will appear. The default checked at top is RSYNC, leave it as that. If you do not know of BTRFS you do not have it, but by all means ask elsewhere.
It is worth reading this first screen, as you won’t see it again unless you actively choose to run the wizard. On completion, click Next.

4. Timeshift estimates the size required to take a standard snapshot. Older versions would tell you the space required, current version does not.

5. Timeshift then snaps to a screen showing the partitions on your drive, defaulting to the root partition you are on, in my case, /dev/sda28. If the estimated size of the snapshot to be taken exceeds the amount of free space available on the target location, Timeshift will warn you.

Here I change my snapshot location to the partition I prepared earlier and referenced at Step 3, that is /dev/sda32. Click Next.

6. This will bring us to Select Snapshot Levels. The default is set at Daily and each daily snapshot will be kept for 5 days (unless altered). I do not wish to have them performed daily, so I will uncheck this, and Timeshift will warn me.

I will be performing On Demand snapshots, we will see later depicted with an alphabetic “O”.

Leave “Stop cron emails for scheduled tasks” checked, unless you know what cron is (or anacron for that matter), but again, research elsewhere if you choose. Click Next.

8. This brings us to Setup Complete, and once again, have a good read through the bulleted points. The 3rd one, featuring mention of the files and folders not included by default, is what I will be focusing on next.


Click Finish or close the window.


STAGE 2

Making Sure You Get What You Want/Need

Completing the Wizard is not all we might have to do to run Timeshift successfully.

Closing the Wizard has brought us to a new, larger window. If we take a look at the named icons:

  • Create, Restore and Delete are pretty self-explanatory, but we will use them all to see what is entailed.

  • Browse allows you to actually take a look at the files and folders contained within the snapshot. This opens an instance of your File Manager (Caja for MATE, Nemo for Cinnamon) at the spot where the snapshot is stored, and the folder structure is that which you would obtain on your Distro by choosing “File System”.

  • Settings will take us back to a greyish window like the Wizard, but with more options (Users and Filters)
  • On the right, Menu includes an option to view Timeshift Logs.
Likewise the tabbed headers, in particular Comments, will be looked at.


STEPS


  1. The first thing I focus on is Settings, and then choose Users. Why? Timeshift author Tony George does not pretend that Timeshift is a full backup solution. It is more like Windows Restore.

  2. In Users, I check all boxes (four of them). In this way, I ensure that my entire Home Folder is preserved, both data and settings. Bear in mind I do not use this folder for much, preferring external storage.

A number of the hidden folders and files are important, for my records.

3. Filters, then, shows us what we have chosen in Users, and gives us another chance to add, remove, or exclude more. When we are finished, press Close.

4. Now I am ready to Create a snapshot. Press Create. The initial estimates of time remaining may appear daunting, but as Timeshift builds up a head of steam, they reduce to a more desirable level. Times of less than 10 minutes are not unusual.

5. Once I see over 250,000 files have been saved I am in my comfort zone, because I know from experience that a number of my Distros have similar figures in their files. The process concludes with the Parsing of the log files.

We are back to the same screen or window, but now there is an occupant in the white pane, our snapshot, and it has a date and time so we do not need to duplicate that. System tells us the Distro that was captured (but with limitations I will explain soon), and Tags and Comments are of interest to us next.

M, W, D, H & B are as we saw with Select Snapshot Levels, and that is for Monthly, Weekly, Daily, Hourly, and at Boot. What was not listed there, and what is not subject to a time-frame before being culled, is O for On Demand. I use this all the time.

6. Click in the Comments field, and you will find an insertion point is placed for ready entry of text. This field has multiple uses, as you will see over time. I find it good as a timechart of what I have done with the Distro, and have still to do.

Prior to running Timeshift, I had -

  • Chosen & set my desktop wallpaper background

  • Chosen my mouse cursor theme and size

  • Installed some of my favourite additional apps

  • Synced my Firefox

  • Other customisations I employ to “feel at home” but

  • Not yet run updates
So in Comments, I type something meaningful to me, such as “Cinn full > FF synced & B4 1st upd /dev/sda28”. Enter and the text is locked in place, but can be edited any time.

This is my own shorthand for describing the contents of this “shift shot” as being the Cinnamon flavour of the Distro described under System, taken at the date and time described under Snapshot (that is start time, not finish time – logs can reveal more), with Firefox OK, and with Updates still to be performed. My Distro is on /dev/sda28.

7. Now I am off to perform those Updates, and … I am back and ready to create, and label a Timeshift snapshot, which will be incremental, that is, it will contain files and folders that have changed, or been created, since my last snapshot. I run that (only takes a short time because of the increment being relatively small) and label it, say, “Cinn DE - Updates incl New Kernel, incremental”

That is effectively all there is to it, if you are only using one Linux Distro on your computer. The video shows you reference points, and you can try it at home for yourself and get the hang of it.



Video 1 - Running Timeshift for the first time (plus incremental snapshot)


But wait, there’s more!

In subsequent Posts, and subsequent to comments from The Viewers and answering questions on what has been effected so far, I will be showing you :

  • How important that Comments field can be, if you run more than one Linux

  • How to restore your Distro, should disaster strike

  • How to install Timeshift, on other than the new Linux Mints that ship with it, across a large number of Distros from different “Families”, including RPM-based, Arch-based, Gentoo-based, and more Debian-based than just Linux Mint alone.
Cheers


Wizard

Chris Turner
 
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Great article, Chris!
 
This next stage does not really require a video, as a screenshot should suffice.


TIYLLb0.png


Screenshot 1 - Use of the Comments field

The story to the above is as follows:

I have two of Linux Mint 18.3 on this laptop. One with the Cinnamon DE (Desktop Environment) and one with the MATE.

The video in my first post dealt with the Cinnamon on my /dev/sda28.

Since then, I have performed the same procedures on the MATE one. It is on my /dev/sda1.

Now, Timeshift, in my experience of a little over 3 years, is an excellent tool, and very clever. But it can't (yet) tell the difference between the different DEs of the same version of Linux. So you can see from above that under System, the descriptions are identical. This is where the Comments field becomes important. You can highlight and click or as the Smart Tip shows, just doubleclick any time, now or later, to edit this after the snapshot has been taken, and the details update in real time.

Drag the window to the right if you think you have a lot to enter to describe your work (not halfway through like I did in the video, lol), and then enter what you need to know what you have captured and safeguarded, and press Enter when completed. I have not actually found the length limit to the Comments field, you might try yourself and let us know.

At this point, a little under 16 Gigs of space has been expended to effectively back up two (2) full Distros, with their updates and a few chosen apps, and all my essential settings. I would call that a good investment. :)

Coming up, what to do with these Timeshift snapshots, in the likely or unlikely event that you brick your Distro or something else bricks it for you, This will also be of interest to any of you whom has experienced, or might experience the phenomena of

  1. Kernel Panic and/or
  2. Being "welcomed" (NOT) on booting/rebooting your computer and being presented with a black and white screen featuring the dreaded grub> or grub rescue>
Cheers

Wizard
 
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MANJARO AND TIMESHIFT

I’m going to insert a video here that is pretty dated – all of about 37 days old, lol.

It features what I was going to do initially with this thread, which was to start with Manjaro, and then move on to Debian-based, RPM-based &c … uses for Timeshift.

The reason I veered from that course was because Clem & his Team released Linux Mint 18.3 ‘Sylvia’ the MATE and Cinnamon versions, featuring Timeshift preinstalled. So I changed direction to accommodate the Mint Users.

Now I am back on track.

So here without further ado is



Video 2 - Installing Timeshift on Manjaro

I have some notes to explain about the video and these are bonus for linux.org Members and viewers, as they do not appear on youtube, but if youtube viewers join here, they will be rewarded with more than just a little info from me.

Manjaro is based on Arch, one of the quintessential DIY Distros. Manjaro has heaps of software in its own repositories, but also makes available those from Arch, and another known as AUR – Arch User Repository.

Manjaro provide disclaimers and warnings about using the AUR … which I find a little odd – like Linux Mint (based on Ubuntu) saying Mint Repo stuff is OK, but watch out with Ubuntu … does not happen.

Manjaro users may know that what works one day, or one release, may not work the next.

So rather than print all the options to install Timeshift on Manjaro, try what is in the video, and if it does not work, post a question here, and I will answer. Or we will find an answer together.

In the video, I go a few extra yards with referencing installs of Kazam and GTKHash, only as an example of how, along with perhaps installing your fave apps, tweaking Firefox &c, you get to a point where you want to safeguard your setup and not have to go through it all again.

If you are using Manjaro as the only OS on your computer, you may well live happily ever after.

I am not sure about dual-booting it with Windows (don’t use Windows), but if you choose to install another Linux on the same computer as you have Manjaro, Manjaro will fall over and refuse to boot because of a Kernel Panic.

I will discuss the reasons for this elsewhere, but suffice it to say that by installing Timeshift on Manjaro, you have, not exactly the solution, but a viable workaround.


Cheers

Wizard

Coming up next -

  1. How to recover and reinstall your Distro, whether it be the two (2) new Linux Mints, Manjaro, or any other Distro on which Timeshift is installed
Following that will be methods of install for a number of the Linux Mint "Families".

edited - typos
 
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MANJARO AND TIMESHIFT

Getting Down & Getting Dirty

Let’s get our hands dirty and blow something away that has had a Timeshift snapshot taken.

Suggesting that Timeshift is a good Recovery Solution is not much good if we don’t recover something.

DISCLAIMER

Don’t think for a moment that I am “bucketing” or “flaming” Manjaro. It is one of my Fave Distros :)

BUT, as one of maybe 130 or more Linux I have installed and used, it is the most susceptible to falling over, for one reason or another.

Therefore, IMO, Manjaro users are most in need of Timeshift, of any Linux users.

But read the following anyway, even if you have no plans of using Manjaro, because what I describe can be employed in any and every Linux that can install Timeshift.

BACKGROUND

Kernel Panic, grub prompt grub>, grub rescue prompt grub rescue>

...the above are just a few of the phenomena that can cast a shadow over our enjoyment of Linux.

We’ll look closer at the grub problems elsewhere and elsewhen.


WIZARD’S GLOSSARY

TLS – is an abbreviation I give to what I call “The Leaderboard Shuffle”, like a golf tournament.

If you run two (2) or more Linux, on the same computer, or on a system with linked drives, you will experience it, sometime. It happens when a combination of the following cause the top position of your Grub Menu to change:

  • Installing a new Linux

  • Running updates and upgrades that include some combination of
    • Kernel upgrade

    • Firmware upgrade

    • New version of Grub

    • Removing or auto-removing old Linux kernels
  • other causes
There are some Linux (PCLOS is one) that dig in their claws to the top spot and resist changing position. At the other end of the scale, Peach OSI is so “humble” that when you install it, say on /dev/sda10 or whatever, it does not assume the ascendancy, and leaves the previous leader in place.

And there are ways and means of mitigating the effects or likelihood of these changes, and I will outline some of these in a future Tutorial on multi-multi-booting Linux.

99.99% of Linux will allow for these changes without rancour. An exception is Manjaro.

If Manjaro is at No. 1, and you install another Linux, then reboot, and the new Linux is at No. 1 … when you next boot and try to enter Manjaro, you will get


KERNEL PANIC

The message goes something like this:

Kernel panic – not syncing : VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown – block (0,0)

It includes some output on hardware names, such as your computer, in my case /Toshiba Satellite S70t-A/ Type 2

It gives BIOS details, Call Trace outputs, and ends in

end Kernel Panic (and repeats the not syncing &c message).


One bricked Distro.

There is a short-term fix for a Session, involving choosing an advanced option line out of Grub, but as I say, it only works for the Session and you have to repeat it each reboot.

We’ll take a look at how Timeshift can act as a workaround.


PREPARATORY STEPS

I will first show you how the list of my Timeshift snapshots stands.

Lx2j6BV.png

SCREENSHOT 2 – Current Snapshots Kept

You can see I was busy over those ten days, further, that I have only 6.5GB left of that 60+GB originally. These are artificial circumstances for purposes of these articles, though. I can either clean out unnecessary snapshots or expand the target partition, but you can see the argument for having a dedicated hard drive if you can afford one.

PLAN

My plan involves installing a Linux Mint 18.3 Xfce ‘Sylvia’ - the Xfce and KDE versions have become available since writing the initial Posts. These, like the MATE and Cinnamon editions, have Timeshift preinstalled.

Currently, my Grub Menu has that Manjaro Linux sitting on top. It controls the Grub Menu and it is the one that by default boots after 10 seconds.

I have prepared a 20 GiB partition, /dev/sda33 on my laptop, and it is on that I will install ‘Sylvia’ Xfce. If all goes according to plan, the Mint distro will perform TLS – The Leaderboard Shuffle. It will go to the head of my Grub Menu, and relegate the Manjaro back to its numerical position at /dev/sda30, near the bottom of the menu.

Subsequent to that operation, if I then choose Manjaro from the revised Grub Menu, it should have its customary Kernel Panic and lock me out of booting it.

I will then use Timeshift to restore a bootable Manjaro.


Let’s see how we go?

Cheers

Wizard
 
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MANJARO AND TIMESHIFT

Back again, and true to form, Murphy’s Law applies, or I did not hold my mouth the right way, and the install of Linux Mint 18.3 ‘Sylvia’ with the Xfce DE did not perform TLS and take top spot … an Ubuntu would have (stupid Wizard), so would a Fedora.

So I improvised.

In Sylvia, I set my wallpaper, increased my mouse cursor size, made some of my usual tweaks to /etc/default/grub , set up my Terminal profile and disabled my touchscreen.

I haven’t synced Firefox yet, nor run updates yet which include a Kernel Upgrade, but I have changed to my fastest update mirrors and set my update policy.

I then used Sylvia Xfce’s inbuilt Timeshift to take a snap, and if I keep it around I will take an incremental snapshot to incorporate what I have just mentioned as remaining undone currently.

The video which follows shows my method of attacking the issue at hand. Notes follow. The video is about 13 minutes long.


Video 3 - Blowing away & restoring a Linux Mint

So in summary, I


  1. Used GParted to remove Linux Mint 18.3 ‘Sylvia’ with the Xfce DE and its host partition, my /dev/sda33. The 20GiB space freed up was briefly returned to Unallocated Space. I then

  2. Used GParted to create a new partition in its place, same size and same partition number – the size and partition number do not have to be the same, I just choose to do it that way, but you do need to create a new partition, either elsewhere on your drive, or in the same spot. You can actually put the restored Distro onto a different drive, you will just need to make a couple of modifications.

  3. Then I used Timeshift’s Restore capability to restore Sylvia back onto my laptop.
At around the 11 minute mark in the vid, you will see me pointing to “uploading the Bootloader Configuration”.

This is an important part of a Timeshift Restore, and in particular to those whom use more than one Linux on the same system. When Timeshift restores Grub, it will place the finished product at the top of your Grub Menu. Timeshift does what the install itself of Linux Mint 18.3 did not, it performs TLS.

Linux Mint 18.3 ‘Sylvia’ Xfce is now first entry on my Grub Menu. Mint has control of Grub, and it is the Distro my laptop boots into.

I was aware of this, and it suited my purposes fine, because it pushed Manjaro back to its place in order, with its /dev/sda30, and sure enough, when I later tried to boot into Manjaro, the Kernel Panic I expected was there to greet me, :D

I will show you how I can restore my Manjaro to working order again, and as a part of that process, we will see it resume its spot at the top of the Leaderboard, that is, first entry on my Grub Menu. Once again, it will be the Distro that my computer boots into, by default.

Mint Xfce will be rearranged in the Menu down to its numerical spot at /dev/sda33, but, unlike the recalcitrant Manjaro in similar circumstances, it will continue to be bootable, should I choose to use it.

By now, some of you will be perhaps champing at the bit to get a copy of Timeshift, so I will point you in the right direction, and then restore my Manjaro.

Following that, we will look at how to install Timeshift on Distros that do not ship with it.

Cheers

Wizard
 
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TIMESHIFT – SOURCES AND READING MATERIAL

The best place to go, IMO, is at GitHub, here

https://github.com/teejee2008/timeshift

and Timeshift in its various forms, here, also at GitHub

https://github.com/teejee2008/Timeshift/releases

Author of Timeshift, as mentioned at the beginning, is Tony George, and Tony’s website is at http://www.teejeetech.in/

It is worth taking a wander around, as Tony has other products you might take an interest in, such as Aptik (which I use), Conky Manager (which ships now with some Linux), and Selene, a media converter.

If there is a criticism I have of Tony’s site, and some other references around the Net, it is that there is old material there, and old links.

Timeshift is no longer available at www.launchpad.net , but there are some bugs reported there (which should be at GitHub) that might be worth a look.

With the old material, make sure you are getting Timeshift 17, and not Timeshift 1.7 … Tony went through the series of 1.4 (which was when I started) through 1.7, which ended at end of 2015.

In January 2016, he revised the numbering sequence to Timeshift 16 and so on. The latest versions are numbered Timeshift 17.11 and the Linux Mint 18.3 group have 17.11.2.

At the first of my github references, you can read how to install Timeshift in various environments using various software formats, … .deb, .run, &c.

I will however flesh these out here, to make this thread a one-stop-shop for easy reference.


IMPORTANT NOTES FOR ALL TIMESHIFT USERS

Tony George does not claim for Timeshift to be a full-fledged backup solution. He compares it to Windows Restore feature, and with Macintosh, Time Machine.

He also pays kudos to tools such as Back in Time, which we will cover here, soon, unless someone is already using it, in which case, please contribute?

I am providing, below, a screenshot from one of Tony’s points of presence, which features his idea of what to capture, and you may find it more useful than mine, in which I checked all the boxes. Here it is.


k6CUjgn.png


Screenshot 3 – Tony George’s Settings

Here you can see Tony has included

  • Hidden items, for his personal Home Folder and

  • All contents of his /root folder
Let’s look at those hidden items.

Below is a screenshot of my Home folder, a standard Home folder, on my /dev/sda4, which houses a Linux Mint.

I show this one, because on it, I also have Mozilla’s email client, Thunderbird.

First

Mx7XzuT.png


Screenshot 4 – Home - default

This shows a standard Home Folder, with the default 7 – 9 folders, along with a couple of items I would want to save.

HOWEVER, if we press Ctrl-h (or you can set this as a default in Preferences in many File Managers), we will see a number of files and folders which are hidden … this is denoted by their having a fullstop (dot/period) in front of the name.

Here shown, the same folder, with all revealed.


2dWjZUN.png


Screenshot 5 – Hidden Files and Folders Revealed

A bit of a difference, isn’t there? I had to expand it to fit it all in.

I won’t go into explaining all of them, that can be done elsewhere, but suffice it to say that:

  • If you use Firefox, your Default Profile and all your settings are in .mozilla

  • If you use Thunderbird, likewise … .thunderbird
So in Tony’s screenshot, he is safeguarding all his Settings, and the contents of his /root folder.

Me, I don’t keep all my Documents, my Music, my Pictures, my Videos … in my Home Folder, I store them elsewhere.

But if you do, make provisions for them, and account for the space taken.

BECAUSE

When you restore a Timeshift snapshot, it overwrites files, any files you have edited or created since the last full snapshot, or incremental snapshot, can be lost.

It does not prompt you eg “This file exists, do you want to skip or replace” and show date/filestamps, size &c.

It is likely with that in mind that Linux Mint, in shipping Timeshift with all of their 18.3 series, now (Cinnamon, MATE, Xfce and KDE), still also include their Mint backup tool.

Cheers

Wizard
 
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TIMESHIFT – RESTORING FROM AN INCREMENTAL SNAP

You’ll recall that I had put on a new “Mintie” (Linux Mint), and that, shy thing, it did not perform TLS and kick Manjaro out of the kingpin position, at the top of my Grub Menu.

Further, that I then used GParted to blow away the Mint, and then restore it. In doing so, it concluded with updating my grub configuration, and placed the Mint at the top of the leaderboard, pushing Manjaro back to where its /dev/sda30 position was in order.

Finally, that when I next tried to boot Manjaro, it had a sulk at having to share with others, and welcomed me with a Kernel Panic.

Even Manjaro Forum’s users get annoyed at this phenomenon.

In mid-September last, Stan (@atanere) and I were working extensively with @PcBuilderEd on getting Linux Mint installed on his SSD.

At #52 here https://www.linux.org/threads/installing-lm-on-a-ssd.13200/page-3#post-45891 Stan mentioned an article as one of three articles linked to, the specific one was here.

https://forum.manjaro.org/t/kernel-...-to-mount-root-fs-on-unknown-block-0-0/4620/6

In that Forum, one Member mentioned, in part

This is an old problem and it's been reported many times in the old forum. It seems Manjaro devs think that their GRUB is the best (and it may be!) and all other distros should change their GRUB that way.
For us poor humans that's a real annoyance because no other GRUB seems to boot Manjaro correctly (I've tried with Fedora, Mint, OpenSUSE, Arch, Debian...) but no way,
upload_2017-12-25_17-27-39.png
KERNEL PANIC is always there to welcome us.
The obvious solution should be to always install GRUB from Manjaro and boot any other distro within it. Problem is, apart that it's somewhat unpleasant to be forced to use a GRUB instead of another one, Manjaro GRUB has another annoying bug, which seems also not to be a priority for the devs. It takes ages to update: for me OS-Prober takes sometimes more than 20 minutes to find about 8 distros I share in my HD, while Fedora takes only less than a minute.
The solutions I found: either edit each time my grub menu (Fedora or LinuxMint GRUB). Just hit "e" (edit) before hitting Manjaro to boot and modify last line, from "initrd /intel-ucode.img" to "initrd /initramfs-4.6-x86_64.img" (or whatever else your kernel version is).
Or make a new permanent entry in your GRUB, from whithin Fedora or Mint, adding a few lines in the file /etc/grub.d/40_custom. Examples can be easily found by googling grub 40_custom

I first came across this article end of July, early August 2016.

Manjaro has three (3) officially supported desktop environments available, and they are GNOME, Xfce, and KDE. But there are also a number of CEs (Community Editions) available, which include Cinnamon and Deepin. Deepin DE is the same used by the Deepin Linux Distro, where Deepin are Chinese Developers.

Having worked my way through the 3 official Manjaroes and had them panic each time I added a “foreign” Distro, I tried out the Cinnamon CE in April 2016, same outcome, and then the Deepin in June/July 2016 – same outcome.

When I found that Forum article, I realised at least I was not alone, lol.

There are other options provided there and elsewhere for remedying the problem, but the underlying problem can only be solved by the Devs themselves.

So to cut a long story short (oops, too late) I will use Timeshift to restore my Manjaro again.


PREPARATION

I have used old faithful GParted to blow away the contents of my /dev/sda30 where Manjaro resides. This, to establish tabula rasa “a clean slate” to put Manjaro back on fresh. As such, I have created a new, EXT4, /dev/sda30 the same size.

The video shows the steps, and it is 3 minutes 15 seconds long. Following the video I have some explanatory notes.


VIDEO 4 – Restoring Manjaro (or any Distro) from Kernel Panic; Use of incremental snapshot in this process

NOTES

Give yourself a Scout’s Merit Badge for keen observation if you have spotted between the videos and the screenshots of my snapshots kept, that having had my Timeshift dedicated partition shrink from 60 GiB to about 6, I expanded the partition using GParted, by another 20 GiB.

Now you can address this shrinking space, obviously, I think, by either


  • Adding more space, as I have done, if you have available space, or

  • Culling, that is, deleting, snapshots you no longer need
My current “State of the Nation” with snapshots is as follows, and I want you to look at the one highlighted, in particular.

9zuxtWU.png


Screenshot 6 – Snapshots relevant

You can see here, or you can revisit the video, and see that I restored Manjaro using not the full snapshot, described by Timeshift as “ManjaroLinux 17.06 (Gellivara)”, but rather from the incremental snapshot, described by Timeshift as “ManjaroLinux 17.1pre3 (Hakoila)”.

Let me first say that the Manjaro distro is a “rolling release”, that is, it continually updates and upgrades, and if you so desire, you do not ever have to install a “new version” of Manjaro.

So when I took the full snapshot, it was “Gellivara” 17.06, and then when I ran updates (which included a Kernel upgrade), it upgraded to 17.1 “Hakoila”.

But it does not matter if you are using Manjaro or another Distro – if you have an incremental snapshot, it may be 100 MiB in size, or 10 GiB, you can use that to restore your Distro.

Why? Because the incremental snapshots are “hard linked” to the snapshot taken before that.

That means to say, very simply, and likely not technically correctly, that by using the incremental snapshot to start the Timeshift restore process, it then “calls on” the full snapshot to do its voodoo, and then add the incremental “new stuff” to complete the process.

To do it the other way around, and begin with the full snapshot, it would run its course, but you would then have to run the incremental restore, to “get up-to-date”.

Bottom line is:

  1. Keep your full snapshot

  2. Keep each subsequent incremental snapshot

  3. Use the comments to distinguish

  4. Restore from the most recent Incremental snapshot.
… to cover yourself.

In the end, my Manjaro is restored and at the top of my leaderboard, as the screenshot shows, all settings and updates safeguarded and restored.

F4xcoY1.png

Screenshot 7 - Manjaro Restored


Coming Up:

  1. Installing Timeshift in the various Linux Families and their associated Distros

  2. Running Timeshift from a Live Medium (DVD/USB stick) to restore
Cheers

Wizard
 
In my previous Post, I concluded with:

Coming Up:

  1. Installing Timeshift in the various Linux Families and their associated Distros

  2. Running Timeshift from a Live Medium (DVD/USB stick) to restore

I have work nearly finished on Point 1., but for now, I want to just tell The Viewers about how to install Timeshift on Debian-based Distros such as Ubuntu, Linux Mints other than the 18.3 series (on which TS is already installed as a new feature), and others, which include, but are not limited to:

  • Peach OSI
  • Zorin OS
  • Pearl
  • Ultimate Edition
  • LXLE
  • Maui
  • and so on
It does not apply to Debian itself, antiX, the MX series, nor Kali &c.

I will explain about them further. For now, I have one of our Members I want to refer to this thread, and I am better keeping this altogether.

Ubuntu, albeit based on Debian, introduced the concept of PPAs - Personal Package Archives. By installing a PPA, your buntu-based Distro then has access to all the software produced by that Developer or author. In the case of Timeshift, Aptik, Selene, Conky Manager and others, this is Tony George's PPA we are making available.

PPAs, once added, incorporate into your Package Management System, usually "Synaptic", and so whenever you have updates generated and notified, these softare products are also included - there is no need to update them individually or manually.

So with Timeshift, the instructions are as follows - you can actually copy and paste the entire three (3) lines into Terminal or Konsole (only one line might appear, but the rest will follow), or else execute them individually:

Code:
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install timeshift

Once you run that small script and let it play its course, then Timeshift will be available to you in your Menu, usually under Admin or System Tools.

All for now, but a Happy & Safe New Year to you and yours, and I'll be back with much more on Timeshift in 2018.

Cheers

Wizard
 
Installing Timeshift in the various Linux Families and their associated Distros

Wikipedia have, here, their list of Linux Distributions.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions

… be aware that it is far from complete, but it is still a good effort to let us know a bit about the different Families.

In that article, they have the following broad breakdown:

Contents
I have omitted bullet points 7 through 9 for reasons that should be obvious.

I am going to use that classification system, loosely, to explain how to install Timeshift on your system.

The source for Downloads is here - https://github.com/teejee2008/Timeshift/releases

Download the version appropriate to your architecture eg 32-bit, 64-bit, and the type of package file or script file as appropriate - .deb for Debian and derivatives (Ubuntu, Linux Mint &c), or for all others .run

Version numbers used are correct at time of writing, check the site linked for updated information.

After downloading to eg /home/yourusername/Downloads, open a Terminal or Konsole, cd to Downloads and apply the following

RPM-based -

CentOS

Should
be as follows (perhaps a CentOS user can confirm or correct?):

sudo sh ./timeshift-v18.1-amd64.run


Fedora-based

sudo sh ./timeshift-v18.1-amd64.run



openSUSE-based (using Gecko, here, it is a Tumbleweeds)

Still working on this one. Have run the script as with Fedora, it leaves me with libgee and libvte to install as dependencies, and a couple of other glitches. openSUSE users welcome to chime in :)
  1. NOTE - RECENT NEWS - openSUSE may take me some time. Regrets. I understand that at the end of October last, Tony George self-appointed to the task of working on openSUSE. Currently, Timeshift can support openSUSE using Rsync, but openSUSE is largely BTRFS-based, so Tony is working on that. Anyone who hears of a breakthrough, share the joy :D

urpmi-based

Mageia 5 and Mageia 6 (this as Root, haven’t configured sudo yet):
    1. # chmod +x timeshift-v18.1-amd64.run

    2. # sh ./timeshift-v18.1-amd64.run



      OpenMandriva – same as the above

apt-rpm-based

My test environment used for this category is PCLinux OS, hereafter referred to as PCLOS. Or rather, it was supposed to be. For various reasons, I had to remove PCLOS for a time, and although I had a Timeshift screenshot captured, the Restoration via that was not 100% successful. I will work on that, and report back when I have answers.




  1. See, also, the upcoming Post on Dependencies.
Debian-based -

Sid-based
– Wikipedia cite the example of Linux BBQ. I downloaded an .iso and it was a little confusing, so I have asked to join their Forum, but even registering with them is an ordeal, so I will keep this one on the back burner.
Sid-based is also known as “unstable”

Testing based
  1. Ubuntu-based – these can be seen in the Wikipedia article, and others not listed include Peach OSI and Pearl, and others mentioned in #9, my last Post.
  2. Bear in mind that all Linux Mint in the 18.3 series (MATE, Cinnamon, KDE and Xfce) ship with Timeshift installed.
With the others, you can use one of Tony’s other file/archive formats to install, but the PPA method described above is preferred. Why? Because it is the only one that will incorporate Timeshift into the net of capturing your updates and upgrades.

Since I started to write this article, Tony has already released a 2018 version, and existing users with Timeshift installed may have noticed it in their list of updates.

An example – You can download (now) timeshift-v18.1-amd64.deb from the link I provided. In your File Manager, you can double-click it and if you have the utility GDebi installed it will install for you, or you can in Terminal use <sudo dpkg -i timeshift-v18.1-amd64.deb> and it will install the same. But then you are stuck with that version until you manually remove it and get a newer version. The same applies to the other file formats, whether .zip, .tar.gz , or .run. This is because in using them, you bypass “apt” (also apt-get) which go hand-in-hand with dpkg for downloading and managing your packages.
  1. Official Distributions – typically have “ ‘buntu” on the end of their name and as above applies



  2. Discontinued – do not likely apply here, but if you have one, you should be able to use the .deb approach and others. I doubt the PPA approach would have any value for you, as you no longer receive support.



  3. Third-party distributions – of those listed with Wikipedia, I use or have used
    1. Bodhi

    2. elementary OS
    3. Linux Mint
    4. Peppermint OS
    5. Uberstudent and

    6. Vinux
      (for the visually challenged, like moi)


    All of them can utilise the PPA approach as above.



  4. Stable-based – Distros under Debian Stable are as listed with Wikipedia, and I have used the MX series and antiX (See Mepis, there) and Sparky Linux

    These are best suited for installing Timeshift using a downloaded .deb file from Tony’s point of presence with GitHub, as described above.

    In #8, Screenshot 6, some may have seen MX-17 Horizon featured. I have used Mepis’ MX-series since MX-14, and it is still one of my fave Distros.


  5. MEPIS-based
    – not sure why Wikipedia did this, it’s covered under MEPIS in my 5.’s wrapup. antiX is good for very old, very low-spec computers. I have run it, but am not a huge fan.

  6. Knoppix-based – wraps up the Debian side. Knoppix historically is one of the older Linux, and was the first to be able to run from a Live CD (now DVD). I have read recently that it can be installed to an HDD now, but have not pursued it. .deb approach would work here.
Pacman-based – I have only used Manjaro in Wikipedia’s list, and I have covered that quite extensively above, but there is more to tell. Not featured with Wikipedia is another Arch-based Distro, Bluestar Linux, which I also use from time to time.

Manjaro users can utilise three (3) package Managers – pamac, octopi and pacman. Pacman is Terminal-based, the others, GUI.

What is not so well-known is that pacman has a “cousin”, yaourt, which has to be installed, and it gives you access to the vast AUR – Arch User Repository, and it is from here that I have installed Timeshift.

Even less well-known is that, amongst Manjaro’s CEs (Community Editions) is one called “Strit”. Strit is provided by one of Manjaro’s Maintainers, Dan Johansen, who is Danish. Dan’s Manjaro Strit ships with Timeshift installed (& he did this before Linux Mint), but he also has a Repository that can be added to a standard Manjaro. More on that later.

I am going to break here, but be back to finish off the Wikipedia list soon.


Cheers


Wizard
 
Installing Timeshift in the various Linux Families and their associated Distros

Continued


Picking up from where we left off.

To save you scrolling back, I will reproduce that Wikipedia list of The Families (sounds like the Mafia, doesn’t it?).



Contents


And so we are at -

4. Gentoo-based

This is an interesting category, I feel , but you may not be satisfied with how little light I can shed on it. Gentoo is one of The Elders in Linux, having been established in 1999. Chromium and Chrome are based on Gentoo, and it is speculated Android may be, too (I have to find an accurate citation for the latter).

Gentoo itself is very much a BIY or DIY Distro, able to be built from the Kernel up. Many users, however, may prefer OOTB (out of the box) setups, and so the Gentoo-based ones may be of more interest.

Foremost among them is Sabayon, which I have been using for closer to 3 years than not, but I have not seriously delved into its “innards”. Just the GUI side.

Others include, but are not limited to

  • exGENT and

  • Redcore


    I have tried to install each, but failed so far. I have also tried to install Timeshift to Sabayon, but failed so far. Wizard must not be holding his mouth the right way. I’ll crack it sooner or later, or else there are one or more Sabayon users here, whom might shed light?


5. Slackware-based

Basically (re Timeshift), as I said in the 1st sentence on Gentoo, above. There are Slackware users within our midst, and maybe one of them can tell us if Timeshift has any relevance there?

6. Independent

Wikipedia have a lengthy list here. Of those listed, I have used GoboLinux, but I don’t have it currently. Puppy, I am just scratching, like a flea. Solus, I have so far failed to install, as can be read elsewhere.


Cheers


Wizard
 
Before I go further, one of our Members/Readers has raised a question or two, and I feel it appropriate to answer them asap.

I would like to be like a barber shop ... always a chair free, and no waiting - but I can't always live up to that standard. :)

The question material is as follows:

I have a question or two about Timeshift that I didn't see addressed in the tutorial.

I have Mint 18.3 MATE, and Timeshift both installed on two separate HDD's.

I created a snapshot while booted to (let's call it HDD1), which is my (working pretty good) Linux setup now, and asked Timeshift to place the snapshot on my Seagate USB HDD.

I then booted to, and installed Timeshift on HDD2, (same distro, but just basic setup for testing) took a snapshot, and asked it to place that snapshot also on the Seagate USB HDD. I was curious where it might attempt to place the snapshot, and much to my surprise, it was in the same folder as the snapshot taken from HDD1. I could see the snapshot from HDD1 while booted to HDD2.

I should note that the USB Seagate HDD has only one pattition.

So I canceled the snapshot of HDD2, not wanting to break anything, wondering if Timeshift would be able to differentiate between the two HDD's, which could perhaps have different distros and/or software/kernel/etc. If not, it makes sense to me that mixing them could be disastrous if one attempted a restore.

So my question is: will Timeshift keep the snapshots associated with HDD1 and HDD2 separate for restores? If not, then do I need to attempt to place snapshots from different installations on different partitions on the Seagate USB HDD, perhaps a different partition for each distro?

TIA

A bit of background is appropriate.

The User has a Western Digital (call it WD) hard drive, running Linux Mint 18.3 'Sylvia' MATE as his Primary Distribution (top of his Grub Menu, and used daily, ie "Mission Critical"), a Seagate HDD for data storage, including Timeshift snapshots, and a brand new, 1 TB WD on which he has also installed Sylvia MATE.

The User has only recently embraced Linux, and I might add has taken to it a like a duck to water, but, understandably, he is still coming to grips with Linux terminology, and so some of his terms may not be "kosher" for Linux.

So where he refers to HDD1 and HDD2 (& bearing in mind the Seagate for storage of the snapshots) I will refer to the three drives (& their partitions) in the order in which they were populated (and disallowing for the intrusion of eg USB sticks/pendrives and optical media [[CDs and DVDs]), thus, in my answer:

  1. /dev/sda1 has his Linux on the larger WD
  2. /dev/sdb1 is on the Seagate, housing the Timeshift snapshots and
  3. /dev/sdc1 is the newe 1 TB WD, also housing a Linux Mint
...hope all can keep up? :D

I'll take the User's last question first

"will Timeshift keep the snapshots associated with HDD1 and HDD2 separate for restores? If not, then do I need to attempt to place snapshots from different installations on different partitions on the Seagate USB HDD, perhaps a different partition for each distro?""

ANSWER -
  • Yes (likely, I will qualify) and
  • No
Whilst I am running this Tute, I have, on my Toshiba laptop, a /dev/sda32 (not a typo) for Timeshift snapshots, and I have named the partition "Shifted", it is 100 GiB in size currently, and when I am finished with the Tute basics, I will move my snapshots storage to a separate drive, as Timeshift's author Tony George recommends, and which I have done previously.

Following is a screenshot of my Shifted partition, as seen from Caja, the File Manager (FM) for the User's Sylvia MATE:

rLW9pSd.png


... 16 Timeshift snapshots (some incremental) in the partition.

And yes, these represent a number of different Linux Distros (and desktop environments) - Linux Mint MATE, Linux Mint Xfce, Debian, Manjaro, Kali, Ubuntu and Ubuntu-based. With the last 6 entries, all but the last two (for Netrunner) represent Linux Mints.

They are for Linux Mint 18.3 'Sylvia' MATE ( a full and an incremental) and for Linux Mint 18.3 'Sylvia' Xfce (full and incremental).

However I have "faked" or "fudged" with the Comments on same, to illustrate, as seen in the screenshot from Timeshift, below.

8VhcvkC.png


Here, for the comments reading commencing with "Sylvia Xfce", the User could read "Sylvia MATE" ... it is just that I have snapshotted my Xfce distro on /dev/sda4 and need to remedy the comments later so Wizard does not become confused :p

So, in brief, compare the date-timestamps (eg 13:44:53) and you will get a match, then identify with comments.

Once an incremental snapshot is taken, then it is hardlinked to the original (and any other incrementals preceding it) and Timeshift will not make a mistake.

I will come back to this with more, but even Wizards have to eat and sleep, lol

Cheers

Wizard
 
The following screenshot is similar to the last one above, but you'll note the popup smart tip by my cursor

xtHedvA.png

Screenshot - Snapshot Levels - On Demand

The On Demand option does not "get enough press" with Tony's product, I am not sure why.

My good friend Brian (@Condobloke ) says.of Timeshift

...
my approach to troubleshooting is make use of Timeshift.

Wiz has a tutorial on this site about that very subject.

For my needs.....go to settings and ensure that one backup is made daily, also one weekly, and one monthly. I also back up the boot.

Thats it. I will engage in a certain amount of troubleshooting...but after a while I feel like I am chasing rabbits down bottomless holes....So....Timeshift. I choose a backup which has been made prior to the stuff up of course.
Once in a while when the pc is running SUPERBLY......I will open timeshift and create a backup......and I will GIVE IT A NAME in the comments column.

The operative part here is "for my needs", as Brian has that space available. The User likewise has that space, but circumstances can be as different as two sets of fingerprints.

In the case of my referred User, he is using the exact same version, with the exact same desktop environment, of Linux Mint, on two different hard drives, both of which might be operational at the same time. Here, then, use of the comments field, for full snapshots and incremental snapshots, is vitally important.

IMPORTANT NOTE ON HOW TIMESHIFT DEFAULTS

Timeshift has a fair amount of AI (artificial intelligence) built into it, but it is not Mandrake the Magician, it does not read minds.

By default, once you have first launched it, and you get the window with rsync and btrfs on it, and execute through from there -
  • If you have only one Linux Distro, or are dualbooting one alongside Windows, it will default to "Daily", try to set up a folder in your Home folder or Home partition, invisible, called .timeshift - note the dot, that makes it invisible. It will also try to snapshot /dev/sda1, and it will try this within 10 minutes of being launched. You might go for a toilet break, bring back a cup of coffee, and unbeknown to you, you've lost 7 gig of space to a snapshot. This ties in with "cron" and "anacron" we can talk about elsewhere.
  • If you have 25 Linux on the same drive (such as I might), it will still try to do its first snapshot, and try it on /dev/sda1, which might be a totally different Linux to the one you want to use it on.
And I could go on. So consider Timeshift, if not an unruly child, then perhaps a gifted prodigy that needs supervision. Take control from the moment you install it (if not already installed), and call the shots.

So in the case of our User, IMO, I would train myself to run On Demand snapshots, both full and incremental, and USE THOSE COMMENTS to differentiate between the Linuxes on the HDDs.

BUT - each person is the driver behind the wheel that is their computer, so make the choices that suit you, and if in doubt, ask here.

Cheers

Wizard
avagudweegend
 
You are very welcome Capta :D.

If you have any questions on Timeshift, by all means, ask them here, if they are not exactly related to your current thread/Topic.

Cheers

Wizard
 
SABAYON CRACKED

I have got Timeshift onto my Sabayon now. Sabayon is based on Gentoo, one of the elder Statesmen of Linux.

If you are using Sabayon already you may already be familiar with some of its Package Management terms. Terms such as
  • Entropy
  • Equo
  • Portage and
  • Rigo (application browser)
If not, and you install Sabayon, these terms will become clear over time, and I will not go into them here.

Suffice it to say that Rigo, the application browser, which is also intimately involved with the Updates process, was my saviour.

Sabayon is a "rolling release" which broadly speaking means that once you install it, you do not ever need to upgrade, just run your updates.

My test environment is with Sabayon (currently 18.03) with the MATE DE (Desktop Environment).

I could have used Tony's (Tony George, producer of Timeshift) 18.2 version, but I had 17.11 handy, so I used it. Method was, at Terminal:

Code:
chris@sabayon ~/Downloads $ sudo sh timeshift-v17.11-amd64.run
Password:
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing Timeshift (amd64)  100%
==============================================================================
Installing files...

... etcetera.

At the end, I was presented with some dependencies that needed installing

Code:
==============================================================================
Installing dependency packages...
==============================================================================
E: Unknown distribution and package manager
E: Dependency packages must be installed manually:
    > libgee
    > libvte
    > json-glib
    > rsync
chris@sabayon ~/Downloads $ timeshift

Now, I knew in advance that rsync was already onboard (it is the underlying engine for Timeshift) so I ignored that one.

Off to Rigo, to see what was in the Sabayon Repositories (or not).

In the MATE environment, you have Applications, Places and System in your Panel. Under System - Administration you will find the Rigo Application Browser.

I worked up from rsync, and checked for json-glib, found json-glib 1.2.8 and installed.

libvte presented with libvterm 0.0_pre20160305 and I tried that. (A search later under "linux libvte libvterm" endorsed my choice).

libgee gave two (2) choices with identical text summaries - libgee 0.6.8 and libgee 0.20.0 is the current 2nd choice but it was 0.18.1 at the time.

The first did not work but the 2nd did, so take the higher number.

A menu item was generated for Timeshift (Applications - System Tools - Timeshift) and it launches and works with no dramas.

Cheers

Wizard
 
Last edited:
I tried accessing Timeshift via terminal in order to Restore from a crash which was caused by a dodgy update for virtualbox.
Unknown to me the usb cord from the usb HD had become dislodged from the usb port !....so no Terminal command was recognised.

I eventually used a usb with Boot Repair, to unhide the grub page..accessed the advanced options there....then then terminal....used apt-get remove virtualbox-guest-x11 ....then simply rebooted. All good !

I have plugged the usb cord back in properly and all is well in that department.

However....I feel the area of RESTORING perhaps needs a bit of a going over. It is easy enough to do if there is just a glitch of fairly minor proportions....open timeshift...highlight a particular 'backup'....and click on restore. Sit back with the coffee/beer. easy peasy.

However....when the "glitch" results in an unbootable PC.....what then ?....reach for the Scotch/jack daniels ? Is the method i used the correct/recommended way ?

or do you have a fantasmagorical way of doing this ?
 
SABAYON USERS - HEADS UP!!

Regarding #16 -
  1. by all means install Timeshift using the methods described
  2. by all means take a snapshot as has been previously described
  3. BUT (there's always a but) DON'T TRY TO RESTORE until I get back with more
You may bork your Distro. Don't panic, I have got a workaround, just be aware.

I just have to put together the details, and I have used them myself, successfully. It's a bit complicated

Cheers

Wiz
 
or do you have a fantasmagorical way of doing this ?

Fair questions, Brian & I'll be back to them before this time (my) tomorrow. :p

Wiz
 
Hey Wiz!
From what I posted in my "Borked" thread":

I've been using Timeshift, but I'd need to get a whole lot better at using the terminal box. This borking wouldn't allow me to log in through the GUI, so I'd have had to figure out how to run Timeshift from the Terminal, which is something I need to learn.

Do you have any insight on how to run Timeshift from the Command Line? I could login by doing the "CTRL+ALT+F1" and then log in at the command line, but from there I don't know enough about Linux to find Timeshift and execute it.

Thanks!
 

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